Ram Potghan 
The Battle of Buxar, fought on 22 October 1764, stands as one of the most pivotal events in Indian history. It marked a significant shift in power from Indian rulers to the British East India Company. Unlike the Battle of Plassey, which was largely political, the Battle of Buxar was a military confrontation that sealed … Read more
The Battle of Plassey, fought on 23rd June 1757, is one of the most defining events in Indian history. Often regarded as the turning point that marked the beginning of British colonial rule, this battle not only ended the independence of the Nawab of Bengal but also laid the foundation for nearly two centuries of … Read more
The advent of Europeans in India marked a major turning point in Indian history, laying the foundation for colonial rule. Driven by the lure of the spice trade and maritime dominance, European powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, British, and French began arriving from the late 15th century onward. This phase saw intense competition, establishment of … Read more
Ancient Medieval and Art & Culture- Prelims Oriented Practice Questions 1.Who among the following is referred to as the universal worthy Bodhisattva, known for embodying practice and vows, and often depicted riding an elephant? (a) Avalokiteshvara(b) Manjushri(c) Samantabhadra(d) Maitreya Ans C- Samantabhadra 2. Who wrote the Adi Purana of the Jains in Sanskrit?(a) Amoghavarsha I(b) … Read more
Indus Waters Treaty Suspension 2025:- The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 and often hailed as one of the world’s most successful water-sharing agreements, has long withstood the turbulence of India-Pakistan relations. However, in an unprecedented move following a deadly terrorist attack, the Government of India suspended the treaty in 2025, signaling a significant … Read more
Jain art and Jain architecture are among the most exquisite and spiritually significant contributions to India’s cultural heritage. Rooted in the principles of non-violence, asceticism, and inner purity, Jain artistic traditions emphasize simplicity, symbolism, and serenity. From the intricately carved marble temples of Mount Abu’s Dilwara to the towering monolithic statue at Shravanabelagola, Jain architecture … Read more
Jainism for UPSC preparation holds significant importance in both the Prelims and Mains stages of the Civil Services Examination. As one of the major religious and philosophical traditions that emerged in ancient India, Jainism offers deep insights into India’s spiritual, cultural, and ethical landscape. From the teachings of Mahavira and the principle of non-violence to … Read more
Ancient History MCQ’s 1. Which archaeologist led the third phase excavations at Rakhigarhi, establishing human remains date back 8,000 years?A. Vasant ShindeB. Amarendra NathC. Prabhodh ShirwalkarD. Sanjay Kumar Manjul Answer: C. Prabhodh ShirwalkarDuring the third phase (2021–2023) of joint excavations by ASI and Deccan College, assistant professor Prabhodh Shirwalkar co‑led the team that uncovered human remains dating to around 8,000 years before present, … Read more
Causes Religious Movements (600BC-400BC) Factors that led to the Rise of Buddhism in India Life of Buddha Gautama’s Early Life The early life of Gautama was spent with ease and royal splendour, but it failed to attract the mind of Gautama. Enlightenment under the Bodhi tree (Nirvana) Major events and places associated with Buddha’s Life … Read more
The North Sentinel Island, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India, has recently been in the news due to its mysterious inhabitants—the Sentinelese Tribe, one of the few remaining uncontacted tribes in the world. Protected by strict laws and classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), the Sentinelese Tribe’s represent a unique … Read more
