Ram Potghan 
Edakkal Caves in Kerala is a prehistoric marvel, it stand out as a unique site, preserving rock carvings that date back thousands of years. These caves are not just a tourist attraction but an important link to our past, offering insights into early human settlements, art, and linguistic evolution. Context- Recently, discussions have emerged regarding … Read more
Tungnath Temple, nestled in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India, is a testament to the country’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Context- Discussions have emerged regarding the conservation efforts for ancient sites like the Tungnath Temple and Edakkal Caves, emphasizing the need to protect India’s rich cultural heritage. Unraveling the Mystical Geography of Tungnath Location: … Read more
The European Space Agency’s Euclid Space Telescope has recently discovered a new Einstein Ring, a rare cosmic phenomenon. The discovery has generated excitement in the scientific community as it offers new insights into gravitational lensing, dark matter, and the nature of the universe. The newly discovered ring has been named Alteri’s Ring, after the citizen … Read more
The ancient civilization in the Indian subcontinent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its cultural traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment.- 12.5 Marks, 200 words. Approach -Highlight continuity of Indian civilization (e.g., Hinduism, Sanskrit, rituals).-Compare with disruptions in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece (e.g., invasions, language … Read more
Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization in the Indus River valley that flourished from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. It is also called as Harappan Civilization after the first city to be excavated, Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan). Recent Findings- Geography of Indus Valley Civilization- The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) flourished in the … Read more
Three-Language Formula under National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to promote multilingualism while ensuring national unity. However, its implementation has sparked discussions regarding linguistic preferences and feasibility across states. Context- The Centre has withheld funds to Tamil Nadu under the Samagra Shiksha scheme due to the state’s refusal to implement the National Education Policy (NEP) … Read more
Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom, is renowned for its unique development philosophy called Gross National Happiness (GNH). Unlike most countries that measure progress through Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Bhutan prioritizes the well-being and happiness of its citizens. -GNH emphasizes holistic development, balancing economic growth with cultural preservation, environmental sustainability, and good governance. What is Gross National … Read more
China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour. [150 Words] [10 Marks] [2017] Introduction- China’s strategic use of its economic powess and substantial trade surplus has significantly bolstered its … Read more
History is one of the oldest and most dynamic disciplines, yet defining what is history remains a challenge. At its core, history is the study of past events, but its scope extends beyond mere chronology to include interpretations, perspectives, and influences. Why is it Difficult to Define What is History? Different historians, cultures, and ideologies … Read more
Introduction- Sheikh Hasina’s resignation as Prime Minister of Bangladesh in August 2024 marked a significant turning point in the nation’s political landscape. For students of international relations, analyzing the multifaceted factors leading to her departure provides insight into the complexities of governance, public dissent, and geopolitical dynamics. 1. Student-Led Protests Against Government Job Quotas–The peaceful … Read more
