HISTORY FOR UPSC

History for UPSC – A Comprehensive Guide
History is one of the most significant and high-scoring subjects in the UPSC Civil Services Examination. It not only helps aspirants understand the past but also provides crucial insights into the socio-political and economic developments that have shaped modern India and the world.

Interwar Years (1919–1939) for UPSC: From World War I to World War II

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Interwar Years (1919–1939)

Introduction: Interwar Years (1919–1939) The Interwar Years (1919–1939) represent one of the most unstable and decisive phases of modern world history. Instead of ensuring lasting peace, the post–World War I settlement created political, economic, and social conditions that undermined democracies and encouraged aggressive authoritarian regimes. For UPSC aspirants, the interwar period is crucial to understand … Read more

World War I Explained for UPSC: Causes, Course, Impact and Interwar Linkages

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World War I

Introduction: Why World War I is Important for UPSC World War I (1914–1918) was a defining turning point in modern world history that reshaped global politics, economies, and international relations. It marked the collapse of old empires, the rise of new ideologies, and laid the foundation for future conflicts, including World War II. For UPSC … Read more

Mahajanapadas in Ancient India: Emergence, Features, Economy, Society and Rise of Magadha.

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Mahajanapadas in Ancient India

Mahajanapadas in Ancient India:- By the 6th century BCE, India witnessed a major transformation in its political, economic, and social landscape. Small tribal settlements of the Vedic age gradually evolved into larger territorial units known as Mahajanapadas. Spread across the Indo-Gangetic plains and north-western regions, these sixteen states laid the foundation of organised governance, urbanisation, … Read more

Post-Mauryan Era: History, Dynasties, Art, and Cultural Developments

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Post-Mauryan Era

Introduction to the Post-Mauryan Era The Post-Mauryan era refers to the period after the fall of the Mauryan Empire (c. 185 BCE), characterized by political fragmentation, emergence of regional powers, increased foreign influence, and cultural synthesis. It acted as a transitional phase between the Mauryan centralized empire and the classical age of the Guptas. Political … Read more

Difference between Prehistory Protohistory and History

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Prehistory Protohistory and History

Understanding the difference between Prehistory, Protohistory, and History is crucial for tracing the evolution of human civilization. These three stages represent how human societies developed over time based on the availability of written records and archaeological evidence. While Prehistory refers to the time before written records, Protohistory marks a transitional phase with limited written evidence, … Read more

Role of Geographical Factors in Ancient India – UPSC Mains Ancient History Notes

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Role of Geographical Factors in Ancient India

The role of geographical factors in Ancient India was crucial in shaping its early civilizations, cultural patterns, and socio-economic development. From the fertile river valleys of the Indus and Ganga to the protective Himalayas and resource-rich Deccan Plateau, geography deeply influenced where people settled, how they lived, and how they interacted with their environment. These … Read more

From Calcutta Madrasa to Sargent Plan: Evolution of Indian Education During British Era | UPSC

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Evolution of Indian Education

Evolution of Indian Education- India’s educational landscape underwent a seismic transformation under British rule (1757-1947), evolving from decentralized gurukuls and madrasas into a state-controlled system designed to serve imperial interests. This period – marked by the Anglicist-Orientalist conflict, Macaulay’s radical Anglicization (1835), and Wood’s institutional blueprint (1854) – laid the foundations of modern India’s education … Read more

Battle of Buxar: A Turning Point in Indian History – Complete Educational Guide

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Battle of Buxar

The Battle of Buxar, fought on 22 October 1764, stands as one of the most pivotal events in Indian history. It marked a significant shift in power from Indian rulers to the British East India Company. Unlike the Battle of Plassey, which was largely political, the Battle of Buxar was a military confrontation that sealed … Read more

How the Battle of Plassey Changed the Course of Indian History: UPSC Notes

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Battle of Plassey

The Battle of Plassey, fought on 23rd June 1757, is one of the most defining events in Indian history. Often regarded as the turning point that marked the beginning of British colonial rule, this battle not only ended the independence of the Nawab of Bengal but also laid the foundation for nearly two centuries of … Read more

Advent of Europeans in India: Arrival, Expansion & Impact (Modern History UPSC)

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Advent of Europeans in India

The advent of Europeans in India marked a major turning point in Indian history, laying the foundation for colonial rule. Driven by the lure of the spice trade and maritime dominance, European powers like the Portuguese, Dutch, British, and French began arriving from the late 15th century onward. This phase saw intense competition, establishment of … Read more

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