Check the complete UPSC Essay Paper 2025 with topics from Section A & B, detailed analysis, similarities, and answer writing strategy. UPSC Essay Paper 2025 Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000–1200 words each:(125 × 2 = 250 marks) SECTION – A SECTION – … Read more
The role of geographical factors in Ancient India was crucial in shaping its early civilizations, cultural patterns, and socio-economic development. From the fertile river valleys of the Indus and Ganga to the protective Himalayas and resource-rich Deccan Plateau, geography deeply influenced where people settled, how they lived, and how they interacted with their environment. These … Read more
India’s Missile Defense Systems- In an increasingly volatile regional security environment, India’s pursuit of a robust missile defense architecture has gained strategic urgency. With nuclear-armed neighbors like China and Pakistan investing in advanced missile technologies, India has responded by developing and acquiring layered missile defense systems. From indigenous platforms like PAD and Akash to sophisticated … Read more
Question- “The Collegium System, while safeguarding judicial independence, suffers from opacity and exclusion.” Critically examine, citing issues like lack of diversity, Uncle Judge Syndrome, and delayed appointments. Introduction- The Collegium System is a judicial innovation developed through Supreme Court judgments (Three Judges Cases), where the judiciary appoints judges to the higher judiciary without executive interference. … Read more
Ques is based on India-Israel Strategic Partnership. Ques- India and Israel share a relationship that is rooted in strategic convergence but constrained by geopolitical sensitivities.” Examine the evolution of Indo-Israel relations since 1992 and critically analyze the emerging areas of cooperation in the context of recent global and regional developments. (250 words) Brief outline to … Read more
Buddhism vs Jainism vs Vedic culture are three powerful intellectual and spiritual traditions that shaped ancient India. While Vedic culture laid the foundation of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism emerged as reformist movements that challenged rigid rituals and social hierarchies. Question- Compare and contrast the fundamental philosophical and ethical principles of Buddhism, Jainism, and Vedic culture. … Read more
The Vedic culture (c. 1500 BCE–600 BCE) laid the philosophical, religious, and social foundations of Indian civilization. Later traditions, including Buddhism and Jainism, emerged as reformist movements but were deeply influenced by Vedic beliefs, rituals, and societal structures. Vedic Culture Influence on Buddhism and Jainism 1. Philosophical Influence Concept of Karma and Rebirth: 2. Rituals … Read more
The ancient civilization in the Indian subcontinent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece in that its cultural traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment.- 12.5 Marks, 200 words. Approach -Highlight continuity of Indian civilization (e.g., Hinduism, Sanskrit, rituals).-Compare with disruptions in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece (e.g., invasions, language … Read more
China is using its economic relations and positive trade surplus as tools to develop potential military power status in Asia’, In the light of this statement, discuss its impact on India as her neighbour. [150 Words] [10 Marks] [2017] Introduction- China’s strategic use of its economic powess and substantial trade surplus has significantly bolstered its … Read more
