Understanding the difference between Prehistory, Protohistory, and History is crucial for tracing the evolution of human civilization. These three stages represent how human societies developed over time based on the availability of written records and archaeological evidence. While Prehistory refers to the time before written records, Protohistory marks a transitional phase with limited written evidence, … Read more
The role of geographical factors in Ancient India was crucial in shaping its early civilizations, cultural patterns, and socio-economic development. From the fertile river valleys of the Indus and Ganga to the protective Himalayas and resource-rich Deccan Plateau, geography deeply influenced where people settled, how they lived, and how they interacted with their environment. These … Read more
Ancient Medieval and Art & Culture- Prelims Oriented Practice Questions 1.Who among the following is referred to as the universal worthy Bodhisattva, known for embodying practice and vows, and often depicted riding an elephant? (a) Avalokiteshvara(b) Manjushri(c) Samantabhadra(d) Maitreya Ans C- Samantabhadra 2. Who wrote the Adi Purana of the Jains in Sanskrit?(a) Amoghavarsha I(b) … Read more
Jain art and Jain architecture are among the most exquisite and spiritually significant contributions to India’s cultural heritage. Rooted in the principles of non-violence, asceticism, and inner purity, Jain artistic traditions emphasize simplicity, symbolism, and serenity. From the intricately carved marble temples of Mount Abu’s Dilwara to the towering monolithic statue at Shravanabelagola, Jain architecture … Read more
Ancient History MCQ’s 1. Which archaeologist led the third phase excavations at Rakhigarhi, establishing human remains date back 8,000 years?A. Vasant ShindeB. Amarendra NathC. Prabhodh ShirwalkarD. Sanjay Kumar Manjul Answer: C. Prabhodh ShirwalkarDuring the third phase (2021–2023) of joint excavations by ASI and Deccan College, assistant professor Prabhodh Shirwalkar co‑led the team that uncovered human remains dating to around 8,000 years before present, … Read more
Causes Religious Movements (600BC-400BC) Factors that led to the Rise of Buddhism in India Life of Buddha Gautama’s Early Life The early life of Gautama was spent with ease and royal splendour, but it failed to attract the mind of Gautama. Enlightenment under the Bodhi tree (Nirvana) Major events and places associated with Buddha’s Life … Read more
Buddhism vs Jainism vs Vedic culture are three powerful intellectual and spiritual traditions that shaped ancient India. While Vedic culture laid the foundation of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism emerged as reformist movements that challenged rigid rituals and social hierarchies. Question- Compare and contrast the fundamental philosophical and ethical principles of Buddhism, Jainism, and Vedic culture. … Read more
The Vedic Civilization, also known as the Vedic culture or the Vedic period, was a complex and varied civilization that arose in ancient India between 1500 and 600 BCE. It was distinguished by the practice of Vedic religion and the composition of the Vedas, a collection of sacred texts that serve as the foundation of … Read more
Edakkal Caves in Kerala is a prehistoric marvel, it stand out as a unique site, preserving rock carvings that date back thousands of years. These caves are not just a tourist attraction but an important link to our past, offering insights into early human settlements, art, and linguistic evolution. Context- Recently, discussions have emerged regarding … Read more
Tungnath Temple, nestled in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India, is a testament to the country’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Context- Discussions have emerged regarding the conservation efforts for ancient sites like the Tungnath Temple and Edakkal Caves, emphasizing the need to protect India’s rich cultural heritage. Unraveling the Mystical Geography of Tungnath Location: … Read more
