GS-II - upscmatters.com

Collegium System, while safeguarding judicial independence, suffers from opacity and exclusion.

June 2, 2025 by Ram Potghan

Question- “The Collegium System, while safeguarding judicial independence, suffers from opacity and exclusion.” Critically examine, citing issues like lack of diversity, Uncle Judge Syndrome, and delayed appointments. Introduction- The Collegium System is a judicial innovation developed through Supreme Court judgments (Three Judges Cases), where the judiciary appoints judges to the higher judiciary without executive interference. … Read more

Indus Waters Treaty Suspension 2025: Strategic, Legal, and Diplomatic Implications for India and Pakistan

April 26, 2025 by Ram Potghan

Indus Waters Treaty Suspension 2025:- The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), signed in 1960 and often hailed as one of the world’s most successful water-sharing agreements, has long withstood the turbulence of India-Pakistan relations. However, in an unprecedented move following a deadly terrorist attack, the Government of India suspended the treaty in 2025, signaling a significant … Read more

Arctic Geopolitical Tensions: Climate Change, Resource Wars, and the Race for Control

April 6, 2025April 4, 2025 by Ram Potghan

Arctic Geopolitical Tensions- The Arctic, once a remote frozen frontier, is now a geopolitical flashpoint as climate change rapidly melts ice caps, unlocking untapped resources and strategic trade routes. Global powers like Russia, NATO, China, and the US are racing to control energy reserves (oil, gas, rare minerals) and dominate emerging shipping lanes like the … Read more

Quick Commerce vs Traditional Retail in India: Impact, Challenges, and the Future of Kirana Stores

March 24, 2025March 24, 2025 by Ram Potghan

Quick commerce is revolutionizing India’s retail sector, promising 10-minute deliveries and tech-driven convenience. However, this rapid growth of quick commerce in India has sparked a fierce debate about its impact on traditional retail, particularly the survival of neighbourhood kirana stores. While startups like Blinkit and Zepto cater to urban consumers’ demand for instant gratification, small … Read more