#GS-III

India’s Missile Defense Systems: Key Technologies, Capabilities & Strategic Relevance

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Missile Defense Systems

India’s Missile Defense Systems- In an increasingly volatile regional security environment, India’s pursuit of a robust missile defense architecture has gained strategic urgency. With nuclear-armed neighbors like China and Pakistan investing in advanced missile technologies, India has responded by developing and acquiring layered missile defense systems. From indigenous platforms like PAD and Akash to sophisticated … Read more

NASA Parker Solar Probe: Touching the Sun – Key Facts & Discoveries

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NASA Parker Solar Probe

NASA Parker Solar Probe (PSP) has made history by becoming the first spacecraft to “touch” the Sun, diving into its scorching corona to unravel long-standing solar mysteries. Launched in 2018, this mission aims to study solar wind acceleration, extreme coronal heating, and space weather impacts on Earth. With record-breaking speeds and cutting-edge heat shield technology, … Read more

Does Quick Commerce Threatens Kirana Stores: Survival, Coexistence, and the Future of India’s Retail Revolution

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Quick Commerce

Ques- The rise of quick commerce in India threatens the survival of traditional Kirana stores, which are the backbone of the rural and urban economy.” Examine the statement and suggest measures to ensure their coexistence. (15 marks, 250 words) Brief outline to this answer- Introduction-Context – Quick Commerce, Kirana Stores, and conflict Body- It has … Read more

2024 World Air Quality Report: India’s Pollution Crisis, Policy Gaps, and Solutions for UPSC Aspirants.

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2024 World Air Quality Report

The 2024 World Air Quality Report has cast a stark spotlight on India’s escalating air pollution crisis, with PM2.5 levels soaring 10 times above WHO safety limits and Delhi retaining its title as the world’s most polluted capital. India’s Global Air Quality Ranking 2025: 5th Most Polluted Nation Key findings from the 2024 World Air … Read more

Quick Commerce vs Traditional Retail in India: Impact, Challenges, and the Future of Kirana Stores  

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Quick Commerce in India

Quick commerce is revolutionizing India’s retail sector, promising 10-minute deliveries and tech-driven convenience. However, this rapid growth of quick commerce in India has sparked a fierce debate about its impact on traditional retail, particularly the survival of neighbourhood kirana stores. While startups like Blinkit and Zepto cater to urban consumers’ demand for instant gratification, small … Read more

India Ranked 118th in World Happiness Index 2025: Analysis, Factors & UPSC Prep Guide

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World Happiness Index 2025

World Happiness Index 2025– Published annually since 2012, the World Happiness Report is a landmark annual survey of the state of global happiness that ranks more than 150 countries by their happiness levels. The World Happiness Report provides valuable, interdisciplinary insights into the well-being and happiness of people across the globe, reflecting a worldwide demand … Read more

Pink Fire Retardants in Wildfire Management: Environmental Impact, Policy Insights & Relevance for UPSC Aspirants

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Pink Fire Retardants

Pink fire retardants are a critical tool in combating wildfires, especially in large-scale operations. Their distinctive pink color (achieved with fugitive dyes) helps pilots and ground crews track application areas. Context- Pink fire retardants are currently in the news due to several global and India-specific factors, like Wildfire incidents (California forestfire) UPSC Relevance GS III … Read more

Quantum Leap: Italian Scientists Revolutionize Photonics by Freezing Light for the First Time

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Freezing Light

In a quantum leap bridging physics and engineering, Italian scientists led by Dr. Daniele Sanvitto (CNR NANOTEC) have achieved the unprecedented: freezing light by merging photons with electron excitations in semiconductors. Published in Nature Physics, this experiment creates polaritons—hybrid light-matter particles—that temporarily trap light. Context- For UPSC aspirants, this breakthrough aligns with India’s National Quantum … Read more

Spice Production in India: Leading Global Exports, Overcoming Challenges, and Sustainable Growth

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Spice Production in India

Spice Production in India- India, often hailed as the “Spice Bowl of the World”, has been the epicenter of spice cultivation, trade, and culinary heritage for millennia. With a staggering 48% share in global spice trade by volume and a legacy of producing 75 out of 109 spices recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The sector sustains over 8 … Read more

Fourth Form of Water: EZ Water Discovery, Applications, and UPSC Relevance

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Fourth Form of Water

Discover the fourth form of water (EZ water) –Water, the essence of life, is universally recognized in its three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapor). However, groundbreaking research in the early 2000s unveiled a mysterious fourth form of water, challenging conventional scientific understanding. Termed “Exclusion Zone (EZ) water” or “fourth-phase water”. This … Read more

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