Spice Production in India- India, often hailed as the “Spice Bowl of the World”, has been the epicenter of spice cultivation, trade, and culinary heritage for millennia. With a staggering 48% share in global spice trade by volume and a legacy of producing 75 out of 109 spices recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The sector sustains over 8 … Read more
Discover the fourth form of water (EZ water) –Water, the essence of life, is universally recognized in its three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapor). However, groundbreaking research in the early 2000s unveiled a mysterious fourth form of water, challenging conventional scientific understanding. Termed “Exclusion Zone (EZ) water” or “fourth-phase water”. This … Read more
Buddhism vs Jainism vs Vedic culture are three powerful intellectual and spiritual traditions that shaped ancient India. While Vedic culture laid the foundation of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism emerged as reformist movements that challenged rigid rituals and social hierarchies. Question- Compare and contrast the fundamental philosophical and ethical principles of Buddhism, Jainism, and Vedic culture. … Read more
VBIED stands for Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device. It is a type of car bomb or vehicle-mounted explosive device used in terrorist attacks, assassinations, and military operations. VBIEDs can range from small, inconspicuous vehicles to large trucks packed with explosives. Context-On March 16, 2025, a suicide car bomber targeted a convoy of buses carrying security forces … Read more
The princely state of Kalat, located in present-day Balochistan, was one of the largest and most strategically significant states in British India. It had a long history of sovereignty, dating back to 1666, and was recognized as an independent state by the British through the Treaty of Kalat of 1876. After the partition of India in … Read more
The Vedic Civilization, also known as the Vedic culture or the Vedic period, was a complex and varied civilization that arose in ancient India between 1500 and 600 BCE. It was distinguished by the practice of Vedic religion and the composition of the Vedas, a collection of sacred texts that serve as the foundation of … Read more
The Rakhine State (formerly Arakan State) in Myanmar has long been a region of conflict. The Rakhine crisis involves tensions between the Arakan Army (AA), Myanmar’s military (Tatmadaw), and Rohingya groups. It has significant regional implications, particularly for India and Bangladesh, in terms of security, economic interests, and humanitarian concerns. As violence intensifies, its impact … Read more
Edakkal Caves in Kerala is a prehistoric marvel, it stand out as a unique site, preserving rock carvings that date back thousands of years. These caves are not just a tourist attraction but an important link to our past, offering insights into early human settlements, art, and linguistic evolution. Context- Recently, discussions have emerged regarding … Read more
Tungnath Temple, nestled in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, India, is a testament to the country’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Context- Discussions have emerged regarding the conservation efforts for ancient sites like the Tungnath Temple and Edakkal Caves, emphasizing the need to protect India’s rich cultural heritage. Unraveling the Mystical Geography of Tungnath Location: … Read more
What is Meiji Restoration ? The Meiji Restoration in Japan(1868) marks a turning point in Japanese history, symbolizing the end of the feudal Tokugawa Shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji. This period (1868–1912) transformed Japan from a closed, agrarian society into a modern industrial state, setting the foundation for its emergence … Read more
